The microscope
The microscopical examination of the urinary sediment is a difficult job. The examiner becomes rapidly uncomfortable even exhauste…
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Sediment conservation Staining methods
Specimen conservation Several solutions are possible for the conservation of interesting specimens. The simplest consists in adding an e…
Specimen preparation
Specimen preparation with a standardized method is highly recommended for microscopical analysis . Specimen of choice Specimen of choice is t…
Microorganisms and other elements
Microorganisms Bacteria The urinary infection is the most frequently observed anomaly in urinary microscopy. The presence o…
Confirmatory tests
Introduction The aim of these tests is to confirm the identity of crystals. These tests are rarely used, and only if indicated by a clinical …
Uric acids and amorphous urates
Uric acid Uric acid crystallizes in the orthorombic system. Uric acid crystals can appear under several shapes. The classic…
Iatrogenic crystalluria
The presence of iatrogenic crystals is a rare event. Except for the Indinavir crystal, a light crystalluria due to a medication or from a…