Urinalysis.

Urinalysis.

11.1  Specimen.

3 possibilities in this case:

          Random specimen
          First morning specimen
          Midstream clean-catch specimen

1.    11.2  Routine Urinalysis.

Principle:

Urine analysis is a simple and convenient way to perform a series of screening tests that help in determining a variety of renal, urinary tract and systemic diseases. The semi quantitative test strip, Combur -10 test (ROCHE) determines the presence of the following parameters by visual reading.
·       pH.
·       Leukocytes.
·       Nitrite.
·       Protein.
·       Glucose.
·       Ketone bodies.
·       Urobilinogen.
·       Bilirubin.
·       Blood

2 Appearance: Record appearance using one of the following terms:
1.    Clear
2.    Hazy
3.    Turbid/Cloudy.

6.2 CHEMICAL EXAMINATION OF THE URINE (semi quantitative dip strip):
Note: The common chemical testing of urine utilizes commercial disposable test strip in our lab is Combur -10 test (ROCHE), semi quantitative dip strip.

6.2.1 Urine sample is mixed thoroughly before testing. The sample should be at room temperature when the test is performed and should not be standing for more than one to two hour.
6.2.2 A test strip is taken out of the container. The container must be closed immediately after removal of the strip; if not the test areas may become discolored due to moisture and may give erroneous results.
6.2.3 The strip is dipped in the urine for about 1 second; the technician must make sure that all test areas were moistened.

6.2.4 Withdraw the strip, drawing the edge of the strip along the top of the specimen container to remove excess urine

6.2.5 The reaction colors of the test areas are compared with the colors in the label after 60 seconds and after 60-120 seconds for leukocytes test area.
6.2.6 Results are determined by assigning the value of nearest color area on the strip container, to the color of the result area.

6.3 MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION:
6.3.1 The sample should be at room temperature when the test is performed and should not be standing for more than one to two hours.
6.3.2 5ml of urine sample is poured into a conical tube.
6.3.3 The sample is centrifuged for 5 minutes at 3000 rpm.
6.3.4 Supernatant is decanted keeping 1 ml of the sediment.

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