The impact of place on the pooling of blood components

When you drag the sample from different locations, the blood as well as the components are different. In the process of the skin puncture Skin Puncture-like arterial blood capillary more than venous blood and that it is the laboratory there is no clear differences between the capillary blood and blood artery in each of the pH value PH molecular pressure of oxygen Po2 molecular pressure of carbon dioxide Pco2 and oxygen saturation, while the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the veins be higher where the pressure from 6 up to 7 ml mercury and less blood glucose in the veins about 7 mg / 100 ml (0.39 mmol / L) glucose level in capillary blood as a result of the consumption of tissue him.

The decomposition of the blood Hemolysis

The break of red blood cells by the blood decomposition occurs within Invivo vivo and in vitro Invitro and this process can be carried out under conditions of several cases, including:

1. osmosis Osmotically

Because the membrane of red pellet allows entry into force of the water, the cell size varies depending on the change in the middle osmotic If you put the pellets in a low solution tension Hypotonic the water will be implemented into the cell and bloom cell and changing recipes membrane arise by minute channels allow the passage of hemoglobin and other cell contents are scattered in the ocean of liquid cells.

2 - the decomposition of the blood gets sick in the following cases:

A - anemia or acute blood Hemolytic Anemia poverty as well as in the case of jaundice in newborns Jaundice
B - the sudden increase of hemoglobin in the urine Paroxysmal Hemoglobinuria

3 - analyzes the output of blood from eating certain drugs:

Some drugs cause lysis of red blood cells, including quinine Quinine and Alvinaseaton Phenacetin Nitrites and nitrates and chlorate Chlorates

4 - oily solvents

Such as alcohol, ether, chloroform and some materials such as soap bile salts and material saponins Saponin this material melts the fat globule membrane of red or change directions Order fat molecules in the cell membrane

5 - mechanical methods

Mechanical methods play an important role on the negative impact of different samples a private blood samples and these methods grinding Grinding, stirring Stirring or severe shaking Shaking as well as repeated freezing and Aeltsiih Thawing

That there are some other factors that lead to blood decomposition in the pipe, such as the change in temperature, pH and exposure to ultraviolet light, and the concentration of serum components concentration of hemoglobin in sickle cell sample is affected by more than 20 mg / 100 ml, as there are two degrees of decomposition of the blood sample mild First Slightly Hemolysis and this effect a few most of the chemical analyzes, and the second type is severe decomposition of the blood Server Hemolysis which affects the ease components that are no small concentration inside the red blood cells more than its effect on the components in the plasma (where severe decomposition leads to an increase in the items in the inside cells relative to the outside of cells and increase its focus such as sodium, potassium and enzyme LDH ... etc.) and on the whole the obvious influence can be seen on the ingredients found in the plasma of this, the focus in the plasma increases in decomposing the sample in the following tests enzyme Aloldollaz Aldolase and enzyme alkaline phosphatase enzyme LDH The enzyme Aazostreet disputed hydrogen, potassium and Almjneziom and phosphate increases as well as phosphate inorganic in serum as quickly as organic Aster located inside cells that are decomposed, as well as increasing activism enzymatically amino transferase (GOT, GPT) by 2% for every 10 mg / 100 ml resulting from the increase in the concentration of hemoglobin, as well as The enzyme LDH increase by about 10% for each 10 mg / 100 ml of hemoglobin, and we can see the blood sample decaying given to the naked eye.

Blood Remember

Preferable to always conduct tests as soon as possible and at the storage reservation all samples after the separation of the serum or plasma refrigerated for the purpose of delay chemical reactions and thus prevent change ingredients ratios and temperature appropriate for the conservation of 2-4 CE, where a few changes in this class during several hours From left in the refrigerator and kept the blood samples for the analysis of sugar and Alberovi after the addition of a preservative.

When the samples are stored for a long time to measure enzymes, for example, it must be freezing temperature (-20 m) after the separation of the serum as soon as possible, preferably the samples are divided into small volumes before freezing in order to avoid repeating the dissolving process and freeze again, leading to a fundamental change in the composition of proteins and enzymes, and when the analysis sample left to melt slowly at room temperature and then mixing quietly in order to get a homogeneous sample.

And to collect blood samples advised Ptba the following precautions:

1 - prefer to collect blood samples from patients in the early morning before breakfast, except in special cases.

2. tube which it will examine the blood and must be dry, where the presence of moisture leads to broken blood cells and make sure the fact that the validity of the tube is finished.

3 - must refer to the type of treatment that is covered by the patient

4 - You should avoid the use of negative pressure when drawing blood, but leaves the blood flows from the vein to the syringe slowly and when emptied from the syringe to the private conservation empties slowly tube so as to prevent blood cells break.

5 - should not be overstated in the use of anti-clotting substances (clotting)

6 - after the withdrawal of the sample must accelerate transported to the laboratory where the blood saved at low temperatures leads to cell lysis and disruption of the distribution of ions, in particular,